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EEA report 1/2006 - Using the market for cost-effective environmental policy
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Publications
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Paper and cardboard - recovery or disposal?
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Review of life cycle assessment and cost-benefit analysis
on the recovery and disposal of paper and cardboard
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Publications
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Diverting waste from landfill - Effectiveness of waste-management policies in the European Union
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Issued in 1999, the Landfill Directive marked a decisive shift from landfill towards the EU's new waste hierarchy, which prioritises waste prevention, followed by re-use, recycling and recovery, and seeks to avoid landfilling wherever feasible.
The Landfill Directive set targets for progressively reducing the amount of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled in the period to 2016.
A decade on from the Landfill Directive's enactment seems a fitting time to review progress and extract key lessons for policy-makers in Europe and elsewhere. Through individual and comparative analyses of waste management in five countries and one sub-national region (Estonia, Finland, the Flemish Region of Belgium, Germany, Hungary and Italy), as well as an econometric analysis of the EU–25 Member States, this report seeks to answer a number of important questions, including:
To what extent was waste management practice changed in the last decade?
How much of the change was due to the Landfill Directive (and other EU instruments)?
What measures and institutional arrangements did countries introduce?
Which measures and arrangements proved most effective in different national and regional contexts?
Located in
Publications
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The European environment – state and outlook 2010: Synthesis
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The SOER 2010 Synthesis provides an overview of the European environment's state, trends and prospects, integrating the main findings of SOER 2010.
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The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Synthesis
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Material resources and waste — SOER 2010 thematic assessment
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The European economy needs huge amounts of resources to function. Apart from consuming minerals, metals, concrete and wood, Europe burns fossil fuels and uses land to satisfy the needs of its citizens. Demand for materials is so intense that between 20 and 30 % of the resources we use are now imported. At the other end of the materials chain, the EU economy generates around six tons of waste per person every year. With the boom in international trade, EU consumption and production may potentially damage ecosystems and human health not only within but also far beyond its borders.
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Thematic assessments
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Material resources and waste — key message 4
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The management of waste has improved, with many countries recycling and recovering more, but more efforts are needed if the EU is to become a 'recycling society'. Implementation of existing legislation remains crucial, especially on the illegal shipments of waste, illegal or sub-standard landfilling, and packaging and electric and electronic equipment waste management.
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Material resources and waste — SOER 2010 thematic assessment
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Key messages
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Water resources: quantity and flows — key message 5
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Europe cannot endlessly increase its water supply, we must reduce demand. Policies are needed to encourage demand management. Demand measures could include the use of economic instruments; water loss controls; water-reuse and recycling; increased efficiency of domestic, agricultural and industrial water use; and water-saving campaigns supported by public education programmes.
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Water resources: quantity and flows - SOER 2010 thematic assessment
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Key messages
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Waste - Outlook 2020 (Croatia)
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SOER Common environmental theme from Croatia
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Country assessments
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Croatia
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Waste - State and impacts (Finland)
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Waste - State and Impacts
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Country assessments
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Finland
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Waste - Outlook 2020 (Finland)
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Waste - Outlook
Located in
The European environment – state and outlook 2010
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Country assessments
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Finland
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