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Trend in heating degree days in the EU-27: Trend in heating degree days in the EU-27 (1980 - 2009). Eurostat calculates heating degree days as (18 °C - Tmean) if Tmean is lower than 15 °C (heating threshold) and zero if Tmean is greater than or equal 15 °C; Tmean is the mean daily outdoor temperature, calculated as Tmean = (Tmin + Tmax / 2)
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Trends in heating energy consumption and energy efficiency of housing, EU-27: Time series of the growth in floor area of housing in EU27 coupled with the energy demands for space heating per dwelling, per m2 and total.
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CON014_Fig 5.1_Energy consumption households_final.xls: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs › Households' final energy consumption per capita in EEA member countries, 2005 and 2010
Consumption and the environment — 2012 update: Update to the European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER 2010) thematic assessment
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Water abstractions by water use sector in the 1990s and the period 1997–2009 (latest year): -
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in EU‑27 electricity consumption, 1990–2009 and 2005–2009: -
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Nuclear energy and waste production (ENER 013) - Assessment published Apr 2012: The amount of high level nuclear waste from nuclear electricity production continues to accumulate. In 2009, 34,824 tonnes of heavy metals contained in high level nuclear waste was in storage, up 4.7% since 2008. The annual quantity of spent fuel was approximately 1,828 tonnes of heavy metals in 2009. However, there is a decreasing trend in the annual quantity of spent fuel arisings since 1990. On the other hand, the amount of electricity produced from nuclear power has increased by 12.5% over the period 1990 to 2009 (see ENER27). This decoupling between electricity production and generation of radioactive waste can be explained by the fact that fuel rods are replaced gradually as well as by improvements in fuel burnup and plant efficiency [1] . [1] Energy efficiency is calculated using an efficiney coefficient of 33% for all reactors (the efficiency of a particular reactor type – CANDU) since all reactors types are slightly different. However overtime there is a trend towards more efficient reactors in Europe, such as those with breeder reactors/fuel enrichment. However, once a reactor is built, the efficiency assumed is fixed at 33%.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Nuclear energy and waste production
Energy-related emissions of acidifying substances (ENER 006) - Assessment published Apr 2012: Energy-related emissions account for only 2% of NH 3 emissions but 96% of NO x and 94% of SO 2 emissions in the EEA-32 in 2009. They fell by 17%, 13% and 21% respectively between 2005 and 2009 in EEA-32 countries. Since 1990, these energy related emissions declined by 40% and 78% for NO x and SO 2 respectively but increased by 88% for NH 3 in the EU-27 and declined by 37% (NO x ) and 74% (SO 2 ) and increased by 92% (NH 3 ) in EEA-32 member countries. However as noted earlier the percentage of energy related NH 3 emissions are insignificant compare do the non-energy related NH 3 emissions. Most of the total reduction in pollutants contributing to acid deposition since 1990 is accounted for by lower SO 2 emissions from the energy-producing sector and lower NO x emissions from the transport sector. The EU-27 is broadly on track to meet its overall targets set under the NEC Directive (NECD) [1] , however further reductions are needed to improve remaining local and transboundary air pollution issues, and for ensuring that individual countries meet emissions ceiling targets under the NECD and the UNECE Gothenburg Protocol. [1] See Pollutant Specific Factsheet NOx
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Energy-related emissions of acidifying substances
Share of RE in GEIC, compared to target in COM(97) 599 final (%, in 2009): Share of RE in GEIC, compared to target in COM(97) 599 final (%, in 2009)
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Annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27: The figure shows the annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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