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Energy intensity in the service sector (ENER 024) - Assessment published Apr 2012: Over the period 2000-2009, the energy intensity (energy consumption at normal climate [1] per unit of value added) in the service sector decreased in the EU-27 by 1 %/year on average, showing a relative decoupling between energy consumption and activity (value added). Over the period 2005-2009 this intensity decreased by 1.8%/year, with a reverse trend in 2009 (+0.3%). In the same time energy consumption decreased by 0.3%/year (-1.9% in 2009) reaching 143 Mtoe in 2009 (117 Mtoe in 1990, 145 Mtoe in 2005). Electricity consumption per employee in EU-27 increased by 12%, at an annual growth rate of 1.3%, due to increased use of air conditioning in southern countries and of IT and other electrical equipment. This led to an increase in the electricity intensity of the service sector in EU-27 (electricity consumption per unit of value added) of 8% over the period 2000-2009 at an annual growth rate of 0.8% (same annual changes from 2005-2009). From 2005 to 2009 the electricity consumption per employee increased quite more rapidly (+1.1%/year and +3.2% in 2009). The electricity consumption per employee reached 4850 kWh/employee in 2009 (4645 kWh/employee in 2005, 4328 kWh/employee in 1990). [1] Energy intensity at normal climate (i.e. corrected for climatic variations)
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Energy efficiency and energy consumption in the transport sector (ENER 023) - Assessment published Apr 2012: In the EU-27 countries, energy efficiency in the transport sector increased by 16% between 1990 and 2009, at an annual average rate of 0.9% due to increased efficiency particularly for passenger cars and airplanes. Over the same period, energy consumption in transport in EU-27 countries increased by 28% at an annual average rate of 1.3% - slower than GDP (1.8%/year). Trends in transport are mainly due to an increasing consumption of air transport (+2.9%/year since 1990) followed by trucks and light vehicles (1.6%/year) and cars (+0.9%/year). On the contrary energy consumption of rail tends to decrease over the period (-0.8%/year).Growth in passengers and freight traffic, together with an observed modal shift from public transport to road transport, contributed to increase the energy consumption in transport, offsetting part of the energy efficiency gains.
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Final electricity consumption by sector (ENER 018) - Assessment published Apr 2012: Over the period 1990-2009 final electricity consumption increased by 26.4% in the EU-27 countries at an average annual growth of around 1.2% per year. In non-EU EEA countries, the electricity consumption increased by 68.3% over the same period, at a much higher annual growth rate of 2.8%. In the EU-27, the strongest growth was observed in the services sector (including agriculture) (66.8%), followed by households (39.0%) and the transport sector (13.2%). The observed increase is the consequence of the attractiveness of electricity as an energy carrier. However, the industrial sector has seen a decrease in electricity consumption compared to 1990 levels (-0.7%). Between 2008 and 2009, however, final electricity consumption decreased by 5.0% in the EU-27 countries and 3.8% in the non-EU EEA countries due to the economic recession.
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% change in services final energy consumption per person, 1990-2008: Based on the ratio : energy consumption / population (%/year calculated on the period 1990-2008)
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Energy consumption per employee and energy intensity in services: Unit consumption per employee is the ratio between the energy consumption (total or electricity) and the number of employees (salaries employed in full time). The energy (or electricity) intensity is the ratio between the energy (electricity) consumption and the value added expressed in constant Euros (M€2000)
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ENER023_Fig03_consumption_by_mode.xls: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs › Energy consumption by transport mode in the EU-27
ENER23_fig03_Consumption_by_mode_Nov2011.eps: Located in Data and maps › Maps and graphs › Energy consumption by transport mode in the EU-27
Energy consumption by transport mode in the EU-27: The figure shows the share of energy consumption by mode in total transport in EU-27. Energy consumption for rail, road, water, air and total transport come from Eurostat. The consumption by type of road vehicle is calculated for each type of vehicle from the stock of vehicles and an annual consumption (toe per vehicle, taken as a weighted average of 15 countries for which data are available.
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Variation of the consumption per dwelling (1990-2009): Variation of the consumption per dwelling (1990-2009)
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Energy consumption by end use per dwelling, 2009: Based on the ratio: energy consumption by end uses divided by the number of permanently occupied dwelling.
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