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Estimated trend in AOT40 for crops (May-July) at rural stations operational during the period 1996-2008
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Estimated trend in AOT40 for crops values (May-July) at stations operational during the period 1996-2008. Only rural background stations are included. Note that at more than 90 % of the stations no significant up- or downward trend has been estimated.
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Agricultural area (in 1 000 km²) in EEA member countries for each exposure class
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Due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data Iceland and Norway are not included until 2006 and onwards. Switzerland have not been included in the analysis for the entire period 1996-2007 due to the same reasons. Turkey is not included in the analysis 1996-2008.
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Exposure of forest area to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (μg/m³).h) in EEA member countries
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UNECE has set a critical level for protection of forest to 10 000 (μg/m3).h. Since 2004 a growing number of EEA member countries have been included. In 2004 Bulgaria, Greece, Iceland, Norway, Romania, Switzerland, and Turkey have not been included. In 2005-2006 Iceland, Norway Switzerland and Turkey are still excluded in the analyses due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data. In 2007 Switzerland and Turkey are not included. Since 2008 only Turkey is not included. Calculations of forest exposure are not available for year prior to 2004.
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Annual variation in the ozone AOT40 value for crops (May-July) in (μg/m³).h, 1996-2008
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Average values over all rural stations which reported data over at least nine years in the period 1996-2008. The red line corresponds to the 5-year averaged value. Variations over Europe in observed values is large, eighty percent of the observations falls with the red shaded area.
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Rural concentration map of the ozone indicator AOT40 for forest in 2008
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The gradient of the AOT40f values is similar to those of the AOT40c for crops: relative low in northern Europe, and the highest values observed in the countries around the Mediterranean.
The critical level is met in north Scandinavia, Ireland, part of the UK and in the coastal regions of the Netherlands (total forested area with concentrations below the critical level is 22 % of a total area of 1.44 million km2). In south Europe levels may be as high as 4-5 times above the critical level.
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Exposure of agricultural area to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (μg/m³).h) in EEA member countries
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In the Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC) the target value for protection of vegetation is set to 18 000 (μg/m³).h while the long-term objective is set to 6 000 (μg/m³).h. Due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data Iceland and Norway are not included until 2006 and onwards. Switzerland have not been included in the analysis for the entire period 1996-2007 due to the same reasons. Turkey is not included in the analysis 1996-2008.
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CSI005_fig11_ExposureOfForrestArea_2011.eps
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Exposure of forest area to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (μg/m³).h) in EEA member countries
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Rural concentration map of the ozone indicator AOT40 for crops, year 2008
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AOT40 for crops are vegatation exposure related indicators and are based on rural background station observation only.
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Rural concentration map of the ozone indicator AOT40 for crops, 2006 and 2007
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AOT40 for crops are vegatation exposure related indicators and are based on rural background station observation only
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Exceedances of critical loads for eutrophication due to the deposition of nutrient N in 2000 and 2010
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The results were computed using the 2008 Critical Loads database hosted by the Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE).
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