-
Vector-borne diseases (CLIM 037) - Assessment published Nov 2012
-
The transmission cycles of vector-borne diseases are sensitive to climatic factors but also to land use, vector control, human behaviour and public health capacities.
Climate change is regarded as the main factor behind the observed northward and upward move of the tick species Ixodes ricinus in parts of Europe.
Climate change is projected to lead to further northward and upward shifts in the distribution of I. ricinus. It is also expected to affect the habitat suitability for a wide range of disease vectors, including Aedes albopictus and phlebotomine species of sandflies, in both directions.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Vector-borne diseases
-
Vector-borne diseases (CLIM 037) - Assessment published Sep 2008
-
The tiger mosquito, a transmitter of a number of viruses, has extended its range in Europe substantially over the past 15 years and is projected to extend even further. There is a risk of additional outbreaks of Chikungunya and a potential for localised dengue to re-appear. Ticks and the associated Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis are moving into higher altitudes and latitudes. Changes in the geographical distribution of the sandfly vector are occurring in several European countries (high confidence) and there is a risk of human Leishmania cases further north. Projected temperature increases in the United Kingdom could increase the risk of local malaria transmission by 8 to 15 %; in Portugal a significant increase in the number of days suitable for the survival of malaria vectors is projected. However, the risk of localised malaria transmission is low.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Vector-borne diseases
-
Water and food-borne diseases (CLIM 038) - Assessment published Sep 2008
-
There has been a linear increase in reported cases of some food-borne diseases for each degree increase in weekly or monthly temperature over a certain location-specific threshold (medium confidence). Several thousand cases of salmonella are expected in future years, particularly in countries where food safety standards are poor. Changing frequency and intensity of precipitation events (and temperature) from climate change may result in outbreaks of water-borne diseases (high confidence) and could mobilise pathogens. In the Mediterranean additional salmonella problems from bathing water quality are projected, which would require proper monitoring and surveillance.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water and food-borne diseases
-
Water availability
-
Current water availability in European river basins and changes in average annual water availability under the LREM-E scenario by 2030
Located in
Data and maps
›
Maps and graphs
-
Water requirement (CLIM 033) - Assessment published Sep 2008
-
Between 1975 and 2006 clear trends, both positive and negative, were evident in water requirement across Europe, with marked spatial variability. A significant increase in water demand (50-70 %) occurred mainly in Mediterranean areas; large decreases were recorded mainly in northern and central European regions. Current trends and future scenarios depict an increase in the demand for water in agriculture, potentially increasing competition for water between sectors and uses.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water requirement
-
Water retention (CLIM 029) - Assessment published Sep 2008
-
Water retention capacity and soil moisture content will be affected by rising temperatures and by a decline in soil organic matter due to both climate change and land-management changes. Projections (for 2071-2100) show a general reduction in summer soil moisture over most of Europe, significant reductions in the Mediterranean region, and increases in the north-eastern part of Europe. Maintaining water retention capacity is important to reducing the impacts of intense rainfall and droughts, which are projected to become more frequent and severe.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water retention
-
Water temperature (CLIM 019) - Assessment published Nov 2012
-
Water temperatures in major European rivers have increased by 1–3 °C over the last century. Several time series show increasing lake and river temperatures all over Europe over the last 60 to 90 years.
Lake and river surface water temperatures are projected to increase with further projected increases in air temperature.
Increased temperature can result in marked changes in species composition and functioning of aquatic ecosystems.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water temperature
-
Water temperature (CLIM 019) - Assessment published Sep 2008
-
During the last century the water temperature of some European rivers and lakes increased by 1-3 o C, mainly as a result of air temperature increase, but also locally due to increased inputs of heated cooling water from power plants. In line with the projected increases in air temperature, lake surface water temperatures may be around 2 o C higher by 2070.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water temperature
-
Water-limited crop productivity (CLIM 032) - Assessment published Nov 2012
-
Yields of several crops (e.g. wheat) are stagnating, whereas yields of other crops (e.g. maize in north Europe) are increasing; both effects are partly due to the observed climatic warming.
Extreme climatic events, including droughts and heat waves, have negatively affected crop productivity during the first decade of the 21st century, and this is expected to further increase yield variability under climate change.
Crop yields will be affected by the combined effects of changes in temperature, rainfall and atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Future climate change can lead to yield decreases or increases, depending on crop type and with considerable regional differences across Europe.
Located in
Data and maps
›
Indicators
›
Water-limited crop productivity
-
Weather and climate related disasters in Europe
-
Located in
Data and maps
›
Maps and graphs
Twitter
Facebook
YouTube channel
RSS Feeds
Write to us
Call us
Upcoming environmental events around the world
