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Annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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The figure shows the annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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Annual, winter (December, January, February) and summer (June, July, August) mean temperature deviations in Europe, 1860-2010 (°C)
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The lines refer to 10-year moving average European land.
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Availability improvements in nuclear power plants in Europe
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Since very few new nuclear power plants have come online since 1990 and several plants in UK, Lithuania, Germany, Sweden, Slovakia and Bulgaria have been shut down (WNA, 2009), these trends illustrate increased plant availability in the past decades (see Figure 4 below) and increases in net plant electric efficiency from app. 32% to app. 35% (WNA, 2003).
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Average annual growth rate in electricity consumption by sector, 1990-2008 and 2007-2008, EU-27
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Since 1990, in the EU-27 the electricity consumption increased in the service sector (including agriculture) at an annual growth rate of 2.6 %. In total, the electricity consumption increased by 59.2 % between 1990 and 2008. The main reasons for increased electricity consumption in the service sector were the sustained growth of this sector throughout the EU, the increased use of electrical appliances (such as air conditioning, lighting or IT equipment) and the penetration of new electrical devices
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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27, 1990-2008 and 2007-2008
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Between 1990 and 2008, the share of fossil fuels (coal, lignite, oil and natural gas) in gross inland consumption of the EU-27 declined slightly from 83 % in 1990 to 78% in 2008. In absolute terms, the total amount of fossil fuels consumed increased by 1.6 % over the same period of time (0.1%/year). During this period, the share of renewables in gross inland consumption increased by 4 points, from 4.4 % in 1990 to 8.4 % in 2008 while the share of energy consumption from nuclear increased from 12.2 % (1990) to 13.4% (2007)
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2008 and 2007-2008
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2008 and 2007-2008. The highest growth rates in renewable electricity production in 2007-2008 were observed for photovoltaic (97%/year), wind (13 %/year) and biomass (7 %/year)
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2009 and 2008-2009
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Average annual growth rates of renewable energy in electricity consumption (EU-27) for 1990-2009 and 2008-2009.
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Average annual percentage change in final electricity consumption, EU-27 1990-2008
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Most countries in the EU-27 experienced an overall increase in electricity consumption over the period from 1990 to 2008, except for Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and Bulgaria. During this period, the average annual growth rate of electricity consumption varied greatly by country, ranging from less than 1 % per year in Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Hungary, Slovakia and Estonia to over 4 % in Malta, Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Iceland, Cyprus and Turkey. The decrease or low growth in electricity consumption in the new Member States was a combined result of economic restructuring in the 1990s and a decrease or low growth of the total population in those countries
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Change (%) in cadmium emissions 1990-2009 (EEA member countries)
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The reported change in cadmium (Cd) emissions for each country, 1990-2009.
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Change (%) in Dioxin & Furan emissions 1990-2009 (EEA member countries)
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The reported change in dioxin and furan emissions for each country, 1990-2009.
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