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Cumulative surface area of sites designated for Birds Directive over time (SPAs)
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The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated for Birds Directive over time (SPAs)
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Cumulative surface area of sites designated by the Habitats Directive over time (SCIs)
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The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated by the Habitats Directive over time (SCIs)
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Trend in freight transport demand and GDP
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Green indicates faster growth in GDP than in transport while red indicates stronger growth in transport than in GDP. Figure 1 shows a large increase in freight tkm in 2004. This is due to a change in the methodology used to calculate the estimates for this year. (see metadata for more details) The main reason is that countries had to harmonise their surveys with the EU legislation,
Freight transport demand is defined as the amount of inland tonnes-kilometre travelled every year in the EEA32. Inland freight transport includes transport by road, rail and inland waterways. The current version of the indicators is based on inland transport only. Although statistics on sea transport are already well developed, due to their predominantly international nature, there are conceptual difficulties in dealing with these modes in a manner consistent with the inland modes.
Data from Lichtenstein is not included as it was not available as part of the dataset .The ratio of annual growth of inland freight transport to GDP, measured in 2000 prices, determines the amount of coupling between GDP and transport. The decoupling indicator, depicted by the green bars, is calculated as unity minus the coupling ratio; so a positive score indicates decoupling (i.e. transport demand grows less slowly than GDP), with a negative score showing the opposite (i.e. transport demand outpaces GDP growth).
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Change in emissions of primary PM10 and secondary particulate matter precursors by country.
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Change in emissions 1990-2007
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Low and zero-sulphur fuel use (%)
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No data available for Bulgaria, Malta and Romania.
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Share of biofuels in transport fuels (%)
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No data available for Switzerland.
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Annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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Annual average growth rates in renewable energy consumption (%), EU-27
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Share of primary energy by fuel and total primary energy consumption, EU-27, 2020 (million TOE)
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Table: share of primary energy by fuel and total primary energy consumption, EU-27
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Final energy consumption (million TOE) and per capita final consumption
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TOE refers to Ton of Oil equivalent
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Final Energy Consumption by sector and per capita, EU-27, 2020 (million TOE)
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