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Transport final energy consumption by mode (TERM 001) - Assessment published Jan 2013
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Between 1990 and 2007, annual transport energy consumption in the EU-27 showed continual growth. However, this trend reversed in 2008 as the effects of the economic recession brought about three years of negative growth. Between 2007 and 2009, total energy demand in the transport sector declined by 4.2%. The most recent published data for 2010 indicates a bottoming out of this recent decline with a drop in energy demand between 2009 and 2010 of just 0.3%. Preliminary estimates for 2011 hint on a return to growth in transport energy demand with a minor increase of 0.1% over 2011.
Outside the EU‑27, over the last decade Switzerland's growth in road transport energy use has been below the EU‑27 average, while its rail energy use has increased compared to an average reduction across the EU‑27. By contrast, Norway and particularly Turkey have seen road transport energy use grow faster than the EU‑27 while Turkey's rail energy use has fallen substantially more than in EU‑27 Member States.
The shipping sector saw the greatest decline in energy consumption during the recession; bunkers dropped by 10 % in 2009 compared to 2007, reflecting weak consumer demand. However, this was also the first transport sector to see a return to growth; over 1% between 2009 and 2010. Combined energy use for aviation, rail and shipping has reduced by 5.2 % between 2007 and 2011. The greatest reduction was for domestic navigation (10.2 %), followed by aviation (5.7 %) and rail (5.3 %). Road transport represents the largest energy consumer, accounting for 72 % of total demand in 2011. It has also been the least affected by the economic downturn, falling by only 3.9 % between 2007 and 2011.
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Transport final energy consumption by mode
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Final energy consumption by transport modes between 1990-2010 in EU27 (Mega tonnes of oil equivalent)
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The total energy consumption in transport in Mtoe from 1990 onwards. Transport modes included are bunkers (sea), air transport (domestic and international), inland navigation, rail transport and road transport (split by passenger and freight). The most recent year is an extrapolation based on monthly fuel deliveries.
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Annual mean NO2 concentration observed at traffic stations, 2009 - Annual mean PM10 concentration observed at traffic stations, 2009
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The two highest NO2 concentration classes (red and orange) correspond to the 2010 annual LV (40 μg/m3) and to the LV plus margin of tolerance (42 μg/m3).
The two highest PM10 concentration classes (red and orange) correspond to the 2005 annual LV (40 μg/m3), and to a statistically derived level (31 μg/m3) corresponding to the 2005 daily LV. The lowest class corresponds to the WHO air
quality guideline for PM10 of 20 μg/m3.
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Evolution of capacity classes over the years (EU-27)
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Graphs showing progression of the number of registrations and the capacity of the cars sold from 2000 to 2010.
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Evolution of CO2 emissions from new passenger cars by fuel type
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Graph showing progression of average emissions for new cars versus 2015 and 2020 targets
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Estimated specific emissions of CO2 by mode of transport (EEA-30)
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Bar chart shows estimated specific emissions of CO2 for passenger and freight transport modes in 1995 and 2010
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Trends in energy GHG emission factors and % renewable electricity (EU-27)
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The figure displays the percentage of renewables in electricity generation for the total EU-27 countries, plus estimates of the carbon intensity of grid electricity and average transport energy in the EU-27.
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Market for carsharing: scenario Analysis for Carsharing Members (Europe), 2008–2016
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Shows predicted growth in carshare members for three different compound annual growth rates: conservative; Frost & Sullivan scenario; optimistic
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Personal car use in Europe
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Graph showing distance travelled per person per annum by car
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Passenger transport modal split (without sea and aviation, 2009)
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