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Population-weighted concentrations of PM10 and O3 in urban agglomerations of more than 250 000 inhabitants in EU-27
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Urban air quality is of major concern. The high density of population and of economic activities in urban areas results in increased emissions, ambient concentrations and exposure. The Structural Indicator for urban air quality is presented which comprises two sub-elements describing the annual variations in population weighted health-relevant concentrations of (1) ozone and (2) particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air in urban areas.
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards and the LCP/IPPC Directives for large combustion plants on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards (left) and the LCP/IPPC directives for large combustion plants (right) on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35), and ecosystems (AOT40), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35) (left), and ecosystems (AOT40) (right map), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Measurement methods used for PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2 and CO
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Benzo(a)pyrene 2009. Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for the protection of human health; the target is defined in terms of concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) which is used as a marker substance for PAHs generally: the BaP annual mean value may not exceed 1 nanogram per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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PM2.5 2010 - Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set a target value for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the protection of human health: the PM2.5 annual mean value may not exceed 25 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3).
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Change in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010 (EEA member countries)
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Percentage change in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010.
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Nickel 2010 - Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for nickel (Ni) for the protection of human health: the Ni annual mean value may not exceed 20 nanograms per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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Particulate matter (PM10), 2010 - Daily limit value for the protection of human health
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In the air quality directive (2008/EC/50), the EU has set two limit values for particulate matter (PM10) for the protection of human health: the PM10 daily mean value may not exceed 50 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) more than 35 times in a year and the PM10 annual mean value may not exceed 40 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). In some areas time extensions have been granted by DG Environment for meeting these limit values. Information about time extensions is provided by DG Environment at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/time_extensions.htm
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Change in sulphur oxides emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010 (EEA member countries)
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Percentage change in sulphur oxides (SOx) emissions for each sector between 1990 and 2010.
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