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Gross nutrient balance (CSI 025) - Assessment published Nov 2005
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At EU-15 level the gross nitrogen balance in 2000 was calculated to be 55 kg/ha, which is 16% lower than the balance estimate in 1990, which was 66 kg/ha. In 2000 the gross nitrogen balance ranged from 37 kg/ha (Italy) to 226 kg/ha (the Netherlands). All national gross nitrogen balances show a decline in estimates of the gross nitrogen balance (kg/ha) between 1990 and 2000, apart from Ireland (22% increase) and Spain (47% increase). The following Member States showed organic fertiliser application rates greater than the threshold of 170 kg/ha specified by the Nitrates Directive in 2000: the Netherlands (206 kg/ha) and Belgium (204 kg/ha). The general decline in nitrogen balance surpluses is due to a small decrease in nitrogen input rates (-1.0%) and a significant increase in nitrogen output rates (10%).
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Gross nutrient balance
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Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 021) - Assessment published Nov 2005
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Phosphate concentrations in some coastal sea areas of the Baltic and North Seas have decreased over recent years, but they have remained stable in the Celtic Sea and increased in some Italian coastal areas. Nitrate concentrations have generally remained stable over recent years in the Baltic, North and Celtic Seas but have increased in some Italian coastal areas.
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Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters
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Use of freshwater resources - outlook from EEA (Outlook 014) - Assessment published Jun 2007
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Total water abstraction in Europe is expected to decrease by more than 10 % between 2000 and 2030 with pronounced decreases in Western Europe. Climate change is expected to reduce water availability and increase irrigation withdrawals in Mediterranean river basins. Under mid-range assumptions on temperature and precipitation changes, water availability is expected to decline in southern and south-eastern Europe (by 10 % or more in some river basins by 2030). The sectoral profile of water abstraction is expected to change: withdrawals for the electricity sector are projected to decrease dramatically over the next 30 years as a result of continuing substitution of once-through cooling by less water-intensive cooling tower systems. Water use in the manufacturing sector may grow significantly. Agricultureis expected to remain the largest water user in the Mediterranen countries, with more irrigation and warmer and drier growing seasons resulting from climate change.
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Use of freshwater resources - outlook from EEA
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Chlorophyll-a concentrations in European seas, 2008
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Chlorophyll-a concentrations in European seas in 2008 based on observations
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Hazardous substances in marine organisms (MAR 001) - Assessment published Mar 2013
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The concentrations were generally Low or Moderate for HCB and lindane, Moderate for cadmium, mercury and lead, and Moderate or High for PCB and DDT. A general downward trend was found in the Northeast Atlantic for lead, lindane, PCB and DDT and also in the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea for lindane. A general upward trend was found in the Mediterranean Sea for mercury and lead.
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Hazardous substances in marine organisms
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Nitrate concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2009 in different geographical regions of Europe.
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The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for river monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses.
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Projected change in average annual and seasonal river flow
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Projected change in mean annual and seasonal river flow between the climate change scenario (SRES A1B, 2071-2100) and the control period (1961-1990). Simulations with LISFLOOD based on an ensemble of 11 RCMs.
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Distribution of Q90
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Note: Map prepared at a 10 km x 10 km grid resolution
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Water stress in large European river basins, 2000 and 2030
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Pollution Hot Spots along the Mediterranean Coast
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