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Exposure of forest area to ozone (exposure expressed as AOT40 in (μg/m³).h) in EEA member countries
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UNECE has set a critical level for protection of forest to 10 000 (μg/m3).h. Since 2004 a growing number of EEA member countries have been included. In 2004 Bulgaria, Greece, Iceland, Norway, Romania, Switzerland, and Turkey have not been included. In 2005-2006 Iceland, Norway Switzerland and Turkey are still excluded in the analyses due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data. In 2007 Switzerland and Turkey are not included. Since 2008 only Turkey is not included. Calculations of forest exposure are not available for year prior to 2004.
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Agricultural area (in 1 000 km²) in EEA member countries for each exposure class
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Due to lack of detailed land cover data and/or rural ozone data Iceland and Norway are not included until 2006 and onwards. Switzerland and Turkey have not been included in the analysis for the entire period 1996-2007 due to the same reasons.
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Annual mean ozone concentrations by station type
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Annual mean ozone concentrations by station type
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Air pollution also comes from natural sources
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Human activities are the main cause of poor air quality, but natural sources of air pollution also play a role. The most common natural sources of particulate matter in Europe are desert dust, volcanoes, forest and grassland fires, and salt from sea spray
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Sahara dust, sea spray and fires contribute to bad air quality
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Key facts
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ImaginAIR - photo story competition (CLOSED)
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The quality of the air we breathe affects our health and our environment. Even though the impact of poor air quality in Europe is not always visible, air pollution can damage plants, trigger respiratory diseases and result in a shorter life expectancy for humans. We are all affected by air pollution.
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Attainment situation for PM2.5, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001
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The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Attainment situation for O3, reference years 2010, 2005 and 2001
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The graphs are based on the 93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8 hours mean concentration values corresponding to the 26th highest daily maximum of the running 8h-mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Trend in annual mean of daily max 8 h-mean O3 concentrations (left) and trend in 93.2 percentile of daily 8 max h-mean O3 concentrations (right) (in μg/m3) for 2001–2010 per station type
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All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.
The 93.2 percentile of daily max 8-h mean values is directly related to the target value for O3, as 25 days per year are allowed to have exceedances of the target value threshold of 120 μg/m3.
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Attainment situation for NO2, reference years 2010, 2005, 2001
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The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line).
The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
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Maps and graphs
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Trend in average annual SO2 concentrations (2001–2010) per station type
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All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagram a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.
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