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Environmental trends and perspectives in the Western Balkans: future production and consumption patterns
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This report looks at the forces shaping the future of the environment in the Western Balkans, in particular at the role of consumption and production patterns. It begins with a review of key recent environmental trends in the region, then analyses the global, European, regional and national drivers — such as social, political and economic — that are shaping production and consumption patterns. Addressing environmental challenges in a sustainable manner requires a close review of plausible future developments in other sectors and the potential implications of these drivers on the environment. At the end report also looks at how different actors in the region can act to shape environmental futures. The report takes a futures perspective because the countries of the Western Balkan are at a turning point in the development of their economies, societies and environment. This is important as in the long term, political, economic and other changes may exacerbate some environmental problems, create new ones and provide the means to address existing issues. The report also closely reviews and assesses how can available information support region-wide forward-looking integrated environment assessment.
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Domestic consumption of fossil fuels, EU15 1970-2001
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Projected shares of global middle-income class consumption, 2000 to 2050
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The figure shows the projected shares of global middle-income class consumption
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Slowdown of urban growth
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Historical trends and projections by world regions (1950- 2050) of urban growth rate showing a clear slowdown for all regions
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Direct and indirect global pressures caused by private consumption distributed by consumption (COICOP) category, in EU-27, 2007
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Direct and indirect GHGs induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year.
Direct and indirect acidification emissions induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year.
Direct and indirect troposheric ozone precursor emissions induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year.
Direct material input induced by household consumption distributed across 12 household consumption (COICOP) categories for a single year.
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Trends in appliance energy efficiency and ownership in households, EU-27
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A time series of the available stock of three household appliances in EU27 compared to the specific energy consumption of those appliances and the total electricity consumption of households
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Energy consumption per employee and energy intensity in services
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Unit consumption per employee is the ratio between the energy consumption (total or electricity) and the number of employees (salaries employed in full time). The energy (or electricity) intensity is the ratio between the energy (electricity) consumption and the value added expressed in constant Euros (M€2000)
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Energy consumption by end uses per dwelling
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Based on the ratio: energy consumption by end uses divided by the number of permanently occupied dwelling.
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Drivers of the change in average annual energy consumption of households (see methodology in sheet EU-27 ODEX)
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The energy consumption of households is decomposed in different explanatory effects: change in average dwelling size, increasing number of appliances (more electrical appliances) and central heating diffusion, energy efficiency improvement (as measured from ODEX) and change in behaviour related to more confort.
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Energy consumption by transport mode in the EU-27
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Share of energy consumption by mode in total transport.
Energy consumption for rail, road, water, air and total transport come from Eurostat. The consumption by type of road vehicle is calculated for each type of vehicle from the stock of vehicles and an annual consumption (toe per vehicle, taken as a weighted average of 15 countries for which data are available.
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