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Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (CSI 013) - Assessment published Apr 2008
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The global average concentrations of various greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere reached their highest levels ever recorded, and continue increasing. The combustion of fossil fuels from human activities and land-use changes are largely responsible for this increase. The concentration in 2006 of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) included in the Kyoto Protocol has reached 433 ppm CO2 equivalent, which is an increase of 155 ppm compared to the pre-industrial level. Considering all GHGs (incl. ozone and various cooling aerosols), the concentration is 393 ppm CO2 equivalents, which is 115 ppm higher than in pre-industrial times. The concentration of CO2 - the most important greenhouse gas - has reached in 2006 a level of 381 ppm, showing an increase of 103 ppm compared to the pre-industrial level. Under the IPCC scenarios the overall concentration of the six Kyoto gasses is projected to increase up to 638-1360 ppm CO2 -equivalent by 2100, whereas the concentration of all GHGs may increase up to 608-1535 ppm CO2 -equivalent. The global atmospheric GHG concentration of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent may be exceeded between 2015 and 2030.
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Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 023) - Assessment published Jan 2009
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The highest summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed in coastal areas and estuaries and are at many locations associated with nutrient inputs from major rivers. Of the 413 stations reported to the EEA in 2005 with more than 5 years of observations, decreasing trends in summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were found at 7% of stations, increasing trends were found at 8% of stations, and the majority of stations (85%) indicate no statistically significant change in concentration. The stations with descreasing trends are located either in the Baltic Sea or along the coast of Italy.
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters
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Fishing fleet capacity (CSI 034) - Assessment published Feb 2009
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The EFTA fleet increased slightly in terms of power (~ 3%) and decreased slightly in tonnage (~ 2%) but the number of vessels decreased by 40%. The slight decrease in tonnage in the EFTA countries for this period is preceded by an increase so given the whole period 1989-2006 there has been a 25 % increase in tonnage in the EFTA countries. The most recent new member countries Bulgaria and Romania showed a decrease in tonnage (69%) and number of vessels (56 %) in the period 1989-1995. The size of the EU fishing fleet is following a downward trend, with reductions in power (17%), tonnage (12%) and numbers (20%) in the period 1998-2006. In EU-15 and EFTA countries the average size of vessels has increased by 11% and 65% respectively, in EU-7 countries and Romania and Bulgaria the average size has decreased by 76% and 29%. Similarly, the combined fleet of the EU-7countries decreased its tonnage by 68 % over 1995-2006 but at the same time their number of vessels increased substantially (by 34%).
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Fishing fleet capacity
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Renewable primary energy consumption (CSI 030/ENER 029) - Assessment published Mar 2007
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The share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption increased slowly in the EU-25 between 1990 and 2004 from 4.4% in 1990 to 6.3 % in 2004. Significant further growth will be needed to meet the indicative target of a 12 % share by 2010. All renewable sources increased in 2004. In relative terms, the strongest increased came from wind and solar energy. In absolute terms, 60% of the increase was accounted for by biomass, and about 39% split equally between hydropower and wind energy. Solar energy continues to increase very rapidly but still accounts for less than 1% of total renewable energy.
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Renewable primary energy consumption
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Status of marine fish stocks (CSI 032) - Assessment published Feb 2009
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Most of the commercial catch is taken from stocks that are assessed. There is however a clear trend from north to south, with almost all catch coming from assessed stocks in the north to about half of the catch in the south. In the Black Sea no stocks are assessed. Of the assessed commercial stocks in the NE Atlantic, about one third is outside safe biological limits. In the Mediterranean, about half of the assessed stocks are fished outside safe biological limits.
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Status of marine fish stocks
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Total primary energy intensity (CSI 028/ENER 017) - Assessment published Mar 2007
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Economic growth has required less additional energy consumption over the 1990s, although total energy consumption is still increasing. However, since 2000 the rate of decrease in energy intensity has slowed, remaining almost stable to 2004. This was due to a slowdown in the rate of GDP growth, while energy consumption continued to rise strongly.
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Total primary energy intensity
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Cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs)
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The figure shows the cumulative surface area of sites designated for EC birds directive over time (special protection areas - SPAs)
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Nitrate concentrations in groundwater between 1992 and 2005 in different regions of Europe.
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The annual mean concentrations for all stations were averaged per region in the regional aggregations
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BOD5 and total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2005
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Number of river monitoring stations included in analysis noted in brackets
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and total ammonium concentrations in rivers between 1992 and 2006
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Between 1992 and 2006, BOD5 decreased from 5 to 2 mg O2/l
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