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Population-weighted concentrations of PM10 and O3 in urban agglomerations of more than 250 000 inhabitants in EU-27
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Urban air quality is of major concern. The high density of population and of economic activities in urban areas results in increased emissions, ambient concentrations and exposure. The Structural Indicator for urban air quality is presented which comprises two sub-elements describing the annual variations in population weighted health-relevant concentrations of (1) ozone and (2) particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air in urban areas.
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Years of life lost (YOLL) in EEA countries due to PM2.5 pollution, 2005
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Health impact caused by exposure top PM2.5.
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Regional average number of exceedances of the EU long-term objective for ozone (120 µg/m3) per station during the summer for stations that reported at least one exceedance
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Average occurrence of LTO per region observed during the period 1998 -2009 and the summer average maximum daily temperature in selected cities
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Past and projected emissions of the main air pollutants and primary particulate matter. EEA-32 + Western Balkan countries
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Past and projected emissions of the main air pollutants CO, NMVOC, NOx, NH3 PM2.5 and SOx
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Estimated impact of different factors on the reduction in emissions of NOX and SO2 from public electricity and heat production, EEA-32, 1990–2008
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The charts show the estimated contributions of various factors affecting emissions from public electricity and heat production including public thermal, nuclear, hydro and wind plants. The top line represents the hypothetical development of emissions that would have occurred due to increasing public heat and electricity production between 1990 and 2006, if the structure and performance of electricity and heat production had remained unchanged. However, there were a number of changes to sector’s structure that tended to reduce emissions, and the contributions of each of these factors to the emission reduction are shown. The cumulative effect of all these changes was that emissions actually followed the trend shown by the lower bars.
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Sources of selected air pollutants in 2008 for EEA-32 and Western Balkan countries
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Sources of selected air pollutants in EEA-32 and West Balkan countries, 2008.
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards and the LCP/IPPC Directives for large combustion plants on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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The modelled effects of introducing road vehicle emissions standards (left) and the LCP/IPPC directives for large combustion plants (right) on PM2.5 concentrations in Europe in 2005
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35), and ecosystems (AOT40), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Difference in O3 impact indicators of human health (SOMO35) (left), and ecosystems (AOT40) (right map), in 2005 as a result of the introduction of Euro vehicle emission standards in road transport
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Distance-to-target for the environmental objectives set for the protection of human health, 2008
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Frequency distribution of the ozone 26th highest maximum daily running 8-hour mean; the target value set in the AQ Directive is 120 ug/m3 (reference period 2008; based on all available operational ozone stations reported to AirBase)
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Benzo(a)pyrene 2009. Annual target value for the protection of human health
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In the directive 2004/107/EC (Fourth Daughter Directive), the EU has set a target value for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) for the protection of human health; the target is defined in terms of concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) which is used as a marker substance for PAHs generally: the BaP annual mean value may not exceed 1 nanogram per cubic metre (ng/m3). The target value enters into force 31.12.2012.
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