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Phosphorus concentrations in lakes (total phosphorus) between 1992 and 2009 in different geographical regions of Europe.: The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for lake monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). There were no stations with complete series after inter/extrapolation in the South and Southeast regions. The number of lake monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses
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Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 021) - Assessment published Jul 2011: Decreasing nutrient concentrations were found in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Mediterranean and Black Sea, the lack of temporally and spatially comprehensive time series does not allow an overall assessment. In 2008, the highest concentrations of oxidized nitrogen were found in the Gulf of Riga, and in Lithuanian, Swedish, German, Belgian, and Scottish coastal waters. Between 1985 and 2008, 12% of all the stations in the European seas reported to the EEA showed decreasing trends of oxidized nitrogen concentrations. These trends were more evident in the open Baltic Sea and in the Dutch and German coastal waters in the North Sea. In 2008, the highest orthophosphate concentrations were found at Finnish coastal stations in the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, German, Belgian, French, and Scottish coastal waters. Between 1985 and 2008, 15% of all the stations in the European seas reported to the EEA showed a decrease in orthophosphate concentrations, mainly because of improved waste water treatment. This decrease was most evident in Norwegian, Lithuanian, Danish, Belgian and Dutch coastal water stations, and in the open waters of the North and Baltic Seas.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters
Expenditures on clean-up of contaminated sites: Located in Data and maps › Indicators
Expenditure on remediation of contaminated sites: Located in Data and maps › Indicators
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (CSI 013) - Assessment published Oct 2005: The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the main greenhouse gas, has increased by 34 % compared with pre-industrial levels as a result of human activities, with an accelerated rise since 1950. Other greenhouse gas concentrations have also risen as a result of human activities. The present concentrations of CO 2 and CH 4 have not been exceeded during the past 420 000 years and the present N 2 O concentration during at least the past 1 000 years. IPCC (2001) baseline projections show that greenhouse gas concentrations are likely to exceed the level of 550 ppm CO 2 -equivalent in the next few decades (before 2050).
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (CSI 013) - Assessment published Apr 2008: The global average concentrations of various greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere reached their highest levels ever recorded, and continue increasing. The combustion of fossil fuels from human activities and land-use changes are largely responsible for this increase. The concentration in 2006 of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) included in the Kyoto Protocol has reached 433 ppm CO2 equivalent, which is an increase of 155 ppm compared to the pre-industrial level. Considering all GHGs (incl. ozone and various cooling aerosols), the concentration is 393 ppm CO2 equivalents, which is 115 ppm higher than in pre-industrial times. The concentration of CO2 - the most important greenhouse gas - has reached in 2006 a level of 381 ppm, showing an increase of 103 ppm compared to the pre-industrial level. Under the IPCC scenarios the overall concentration of the six Kyoto gasses is projected to increase up to 638-1360 ppm CO2 -equivalent by 2100, whereas the concentration of all GHGs may increase up to 608-1535 ppm CO2 -equivalent. The global atmospheric GHG concentration of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent may be exceeded between 2015 and 2030.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations
Bathing water quality (CSI 022) - Assessment published Nov 2005: The quality of water at designated bathing beaches in Europe (coastal and inland) has improved throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. In 2003, 97% of coastal bathing waters and 92% of inland bathing waters complied with the mandatory standards.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Bathing water quality
Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 023) - Assessment published Nov 2005: There has been no general reduction in eutrophication (as measured by chlorophyll-a concentrations) in the Baltic Sea, the Greater North Sea or the coastal waters of Italy and Greece. Chlorophyll-a concentrations have increased in a few coastal areas and decreased in others.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters
Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 023) - Assessment published Jan 2009: The highest summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed in coastal areas and estuaries and are at many locations associated with nutrient inputs from major rivers. Of the 413 stations reported to the EEA in 2005 with more than 5 years of observations, decreasing trends in summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were found at 7% of stations, increasing trends were found at 8% of stations, and the majority of stations (85%) indicate no statistically significant change in concentration. The stations with descreasing trends are located either in the Baltic Sea or along the coast of Italy.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters
Emissions of primary particles and secondary particulate matter precursors (CSI 003) - Assessment published Oct 2005: Total EU-15 emissions of fine particles were reduced by 39% between 1990 and 2002. This was due mainly to reduction in emissions of the secondary particulate precursors, but also to reductions in primary PM 10 emissions from energy industries.
Located in Data and maps › Indicators › Emissions of primary particles and secondary particulate matter precursors