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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets (CSI 011) - Assessment published Feb 2007
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EU-25 With existing policies and measures, EU-25 greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 2 % below 1990 level by 2010. With additional policies and measures greenhouse gas emissions are projected to be approximately 5 % below 1990 level (and slightly below 2004 level). EU-15 Latest projections for 2010 show that the combined effect of existing and additional domestic policies and measures, Kyoto mechanisms [1] and 'carbon sinks' [2] would bring emissions down to 8.0 % below the EU-15 base year level. This corresponds exactly to the reduction required under the Kyoto Protocol. With existing domestic [3] policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions will only be 0.6 % below base-year levels in 2010 [4] . Taking into account additional domestic policies and measures being planned by Member States, a total EU-15 emissions reduction of 4.6 % is projected. This relies on the assumption that several Member States will cut emissions by more than is required to meet their national targets. The projected use of Kyoto mechanisms by ten Member States [5] will reduce emissions by 2010 by a further 2.6 %. Finally, the use of carbon sinks according to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol would contribute an additional 0.8 % (Figures 1 and 2). New Member States Seven new Member States project that they will meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets by 2010 with existing domestic policies and measures. However, in most countries emissions will increase between 2004 and 2010. Slovenia projects that it will meet its Kyoto target with additional policies and measures, and CO 2 removals from land-use change and forestry (Figure 3). Cyprus and Malta do not have a target under the Kyoto Protocol. Other EEA member countries EU acceding countries and Iceland were on track to meet or even over-achieve their Kyoto targets. In 2004, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein will with existing measures fall short of their target. Turkey and Croatia have ratified the United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), but not the Kyoto Protocol. [1] Joint implementation, clean development mechanism and emissions trading according to the Kyoto Protocol, Art. 6, Art. 12, and Art. 17. These mechanisms allow industrialised countries with emissions limitation and reduction commitments to invest in emissions-savings projects in other countries and use the resulting emission credits to help meet their Kyoto targets. [2] According to Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, Parties can make use of CO 2 removals by land use change and forestry activities, i.e. carbon sinks, to achieve their targets. [3] Domestic policies and measures are those taking place within the national boundaries. Existing policies and measures are those for which one or more of the following applies: (a) national legislation is in force; (b) one or more voluntary agreements have been established; (c) financial resources have been allocated; (d) human resources have been mobilised; (e) an official government decision has been made and there is a clear commitment to proceed with implementation. Additional (planned) policies and measures are options under discussion with a realistic chance of being adopted and implemented in time to influence the emissions during the commitment period. [4] Without existing policies and measures, total EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions would have been higher than the base-year level. The total effect of the existing policies and measures compared to a theoretical reference scenario without any measures since 1990 would be greater than the 0.6 % reduction referred to here. [5] Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.
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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets
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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets (CSI 011) - Assessment published Mar 2009
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Projections from EU Member States for 2010 indicate that the EU-15 will meet its Kyoto target by a large margin through further implementation of existing and additional measures, and use of carbon sinks and of Kyoto mechanisms. If all the projected reductions were achieved, the EU-15 could reach a level of emissions 11.3 % lower than base-year emissions, therefore overachieving its - 8 % Kyoto target by 3.3 percentage points. Furthermore, the EU emission trading scheme will also bring important further reductions, which are not yet fully accounted for by Member States in their projections. The EU-27 does not have a Kyoto target. Twelve EU-15 Member States project they will achieve their individual targets. All ten new Member States with a target expect to meet their target (Cyprus and Malta do not have a Kyoto target). Croatia, Iceland and Norway project that they will meet their targets, but not Switzerland. Turkey had not ratified the Kyoto Protocol as of June 2008 and thus had no Kyoto target.
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Progress to greenhouse gas emission targets
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Greenhouse gas emission trends (CSI 010) - Assessment published Mar 2009
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According to first estimates by EEA for the year 2010, EU-27 greenhouse gas emissions increased by 2.4 % compared to 2009 (with a margin of error of +/- 0.3 %). This was due to the return to economic growth in many countries and a colder winter leading to an increased heating demand. However, the increase in emissions was contained by a move from coal to natural gas and the sustained strong growth in renewable energy generation. EU‑27 emissions were 15.5 % below the 1990 level. This 2010 increase follows a 7 % drop in 2009 (compared to 2008), largely due to the economic recession and the growth of renewable energy generation. Between 1990 and 2010, greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-27 decreased in all main emitting sectors except in the transport sector, where they increased considerably. In the EU-15, CO 2 emissions from public electricity and heat production also increased.
In the EU-15, estimated 2010 GHG emissions increased by 2.3 % (+/– 0.7) compared to 2009. This implies that EU‑15 greenhouse gas emissions were approximately 10.6 % below the 1990 level in 2010 (1) or 10.7 % below the base-year level. The European Union remains well on track to achieve its Kyoto Protocol target (an 8% reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions compared to base-year level, to be achieved during the period from 2008 to 2012). 2010 emissions of all EU-12 Member States that have a Kyoto target were well below their Kyoto target, except in Slovenia.
A detailed assessment of progress towards Kyoto targets and 2020 targets in Europe is provided in EEA's 2011 report on Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections .
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Greenhouse gas emission trends
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Share of renewable energy sources in electricity consumption in 2004 and targets for 2010 for EU-25
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This graph presents the share of renewable energy sources in electricity consumption in 2004 and targets for 2010 for the EU-25, the EU-15 and all EU-25 Member States.
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EU-15 past and projected greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and gross value added
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Left: This graph shows past (1990-2004) and projected (2010) emissions due to agriculture, and compares them with gross value added in agriculture
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Average specific CO2 emissions of new passenger cars per fuel type and targets
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This graph shows past (1990-2004) and projected (2010) emissions due to transport, and compares them with transport volumes (passenger transport by car and freight transport by road).
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EU-15 greenhouse gas emissions from energy supply and use (excluding transport) compared with energy demand
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This graph shows past (1990-2004) and projected (2010) emissions due to energy supply and energy use (excluding transport), and compares them with energy demand.
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EU-15 past and projected greenhouse gas emissions from waste
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Left: This graph shows past (1990-2004) and projected (2010) emissions due to waste management activities
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Decomposition analysis of the main factors influencing the development of EU-15 CO2 emissions from households between 1990 and 2004
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EU-15 C02 emissions from public electricity and heat production compared with electricity production in thermal power plants and final electricity consumption
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Left: This graph shows past (1990-2004) carbon dioxide emissions due to public electricity and heat production, and compares them with past and projected electricity production in thermal power plants and final electricity consumption
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