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Phosphorus concentrations in rivers (orthophosphate) between 1992 and 2009 in different sea regions of Europe
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The sea region data series are calculated as the average of annual mean data from river monitoring stations in each sea region. The data thus represents rivers or river basins draining into that particular sea. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). The number of river monitoring stations per region is given in parentheses.
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Source apportioned annual load of phosphorus in the catchments of large lakes.
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Mixed approaches.
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Source apportionment of phosphorus load in selected regions and catchments.
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The area of each pie chart indicates the total area-specific load
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Reference Waterbase - Monitoring stations for rivers and lakes
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Water quality monitoring stations in rivers and lakes
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Reference Waterbase - Monitoring stations for rivers and lakes
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Water quality monitoring stations in rivers and lakes
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Phosphorus concentrations in lakes (total phosphorus) between 1992 and 2009 in different geographical regions of Europe.
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The data series per region are calculated as the average of the annual mean for lake monitoring stations in the region. Only complete series after inter/extrapolation are included (see indicator specification). There were no stations with complete series after inter/extrapolation in the South and Southeast regions. The number of lake monitoring stations included per geographical region is given in parentheses
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Urban waste water treatment - outlook EEA (Outlook 047) - Assessment published Jun 2007
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Assessment is created in 2007 By increasing the connection rate of the European population and the use of tertiary treatment, implementation of the UWWT directive is expected to make it possible to increase the amount of wastewater treated while reducing total discharges of nutrients. The diverse situation in European countries regarding wastewater treatment systems is a challenge to the implementation of EU directives. Diffuse sources of nutrients (e.g. agriculture) are expected to become prime issues to address as implementation of directives targeted at point sources results in significant reductions in their environmental impact (e.g. eutrophication).
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Urban waste water treatment - outlook EEA
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Nutrients in freshwater (CSI 020) - Assessment DRAFT created Apr 2012
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• Average nitrate concentrations in European groundwaters increased from 1992 to 1998, but have declined again since 2004.
• The average nitrate concentration in European rivers decreased by approximately 13% between 1992 and 2009 (from 2.5 to 2.1 mg/l N), reflecting the effect of measures to reduce agricultural inputs of nitrate.
• Average orthophosphate concentrations in European rivers have decreased markedly over the last two decades, being halved between 1992 and 2009 (52% decrease). Also average lake phosphorus concentration decreased over the period 1992-2009 (by 22%), the major part of the decrease occurring in the first half of the period. The decrease in phosphorus concentrations reflects both improvement in wastewater treatment and reduction in phosphorus in detergents.
• Overall, reductions in the levels of freshwater nutrients over the last two decades primarily reflect improvements in wastewater treatment. Emissions from agriculture continue to be a significant source.
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Nutrients in freshwater
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Source apportioned annual load in 1999 and estimated fertiliser use in Euroharp catchments.
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Total nitrogen (A) and Total phosphorus (B)
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Phosphorous levels in the water of large mountain lakes in Switzerland
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