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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27
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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27
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Share of electricity production by fuel type, EU-27
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Share of electricity production by fuel type, EU-27
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Recalculation of CHP fuel input using the CHP Directive
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Recalculation of Combined Heat and Power fuel input using the CHP Directive
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Annual quantities of spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants in the EU, 1990-2003
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The vast majority of highly radioactive waste consists of spent fuel and spent fuel reprocessing wastes
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Real fuel prices and transport volumes have increased since 1990
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The figure illustrates that variation in fuel prices does not have a large impact on development in passenger transport volumes
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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27
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Average annual growth rates for different fuels in the EU-27
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Final energy consumption by sector (CSI 027/ENER 016) - Assessment published Mar 2012
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Between 1990 and 2009, the final energy consumption in the EU-27 increased by 3.2 % at an annual average rate of 0.2% whereas the final energy consumption decreased by 6.6% between 2005 and 2009. Transport remains the sector with the fastest growing energy consumption (30.6% over the period 1990-2009) followed by services (29.7% over the period 1990-2009). Over the same period, household final energy consumption increased by about 8.0% while final consumption in industry fell by 27.0 %. Of this decline in industry, a large decline occurred during the period 2008 to 2009, where there was a decline of 14.7% since 2008. Between 2008 and 2009, EU-27 final energy consumption decreased by 5.2 %. There were declines in all sectors due to the economic recession; there was even a decline in the transport sector (-2.7%) during the same period. On average, one person in the EEA countries used 2.1 tonnes of oil equivalent to meet their energy needs in 2009.
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Final energy consumption by sector
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Fuel prices (TERM 021) - Assessment published Jan 2011
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Since 1980 the real price of transport fuel (all transport fuels, expressed as the equivalent consumption in unleaded petrol, corrected for inflation to 2005 prices) has fluctuated between 0.75 and 1.25 Euros per litre, with an average of 0.94 Euros. Real prices per litre peaked in summer 2008 at around 1.25 Euros, but then fell by around a third later that year, largely due to a significant drop in the price of crude oil.. Since then, in 2009 and early 2010, real prices have recovered to just over one Euro per litre. The average real price in June 2010 was 1.04 Euros per litre, just 5% higher than the price in 1980, 0.99 Euros. As the price of fuel is an important determinant of the demand for transport and the efficiency with which fuel is used, it is clear that price is not currently countering the impact of growth on transport demand.
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Fuel prices
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Combined heat and power (CHP) (ENER 020) - Assessment published Sep 2010
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The share of electricity produced from combined heat and power (CHP) in the EU-27 remained the same between 2006 and 2007 at 10.9%, despite strong policy support to promote the technique in many Member States. High gas prices and relatively low electricity prices reduced the competitiveness of gas-fired CHP-plants. Greater incentives will be needed to reach the EU-15 indicative target of 18 % of CHP electricity in gross electricity production by 2010 (currently 10.2% of total gross electricity production in EU-15). In the new Member States the share of CHP in electricity production is 15.0% of total gross electricity production in these countries, approximately 1.5 times that in the EU-15.
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Combined heat and power (CHP)
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Electricity production by fuel (ENER 027) - Assessment published Sep 2010
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Fossil fuels
and nuclear energy continue to dominate the fuel mix for electricity production
in EU-27. In
2007, the share in total gross electricity production of the electricity
generated from fossil fuels was 55.4 %, and of the electricity generated from
nuclear was 27.9 %. By comparison, the electricity generated from renewable
sources was 15.7% (in 2007). The total electricity production increased
significantly by 35.0 % since 1990, thus offsetting some of the emissions
reductions achieved due to fuel switching from solid fuels to natural gas.
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Electricity production by fuel
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