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Trend in passenger transport demand and GDP
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Aviation is not included
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Trend in freight transport demand and GDP
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The two curves show the development in GDP and freight transport volumes, while the columns show the level of annual decoupling
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Emissions of primary and secondary fine particles (EU-15)
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Rate of change of global average temperature, 1850-2008 (in oC per decade)
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Type: Graph
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Emissions by sector of acidifying pollutants
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Due to numerical rounding, values may not add exactly to 100%
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Treatment of packaging waste in the EU-15
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Change in ozone precursors emissions for each sector and pollutant between 1990 and 2006
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No data available for Iceland.
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Freight transport demand (CSI 036) - Assessment published Jan 2011
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Over the past decade freight transport volume has grown
rapidly and has generally been coupled with growth in GDP. This is particularly
striking in recent years when there has been a surge in freight transport
activity. Consequently the objective of decoupling GDP and freight transport
growth has not been achieved. Closer inspection reveals large regional
differences, with the EU-12 Member States showing much faster growth since 2000
in the freight transport sector, compared to the EU-15. This is mainly a result
of these countries starting from a relatively low transport level and then
experiencing a shift towards high value production and service industries,
which has resulted in strong transport growth. For the first time in the 13
years displayed, freight transport demand in the EEA32 experienced a year-on-year
decline in 2008. This is in sharp contrast to the long-term trend; freight
transport demand has grown by over two-fifths since 1995, and by nearly
one-fifth in the period 2003-2008 alone. In 2008, decoupling between freight
transport volume and GDP was observed for the first time in five years.
However, this is likely to be due to the impact of the economic recession, and will
not necessarily continue in the future. Aside from this, the recent trend is
for positive coupling between GDP and freight transport demand. Within the
European Union, the EU-12 has experienced growth in freight demand over three
times that of the EU-15 in the period 1998-2008, and demand within the EU-12
continued to grow in 2008 despite the general downturn.
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Freight transport demand
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters (CSI 023) - Assessment published Jan 2009
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The highest summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed in coastal areas and estuaries and are at many locations associated with nutrient inputs from major rivers. Of the 413 stations reported to the EEA in 2005 with more than 5 years of observations, decreasing trends in summer chlorophyll-a concentrations were found at 7% of stations, increasing trends were found at 8% of stations, and the majority of stations (85%) indicate no statistically significant change in concentration. The stations with descreasing trends are located either in the Baltic Sea or along the coast of Italy.
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Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters
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Designated areas (CSI 008) - Assessment published Mar 2009
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The designation of protected areas is a cornerstone for the conservation of biodiversity worldwide, from genes to species, habitats and ecosystems. In June 2006, the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) re-affirmed the role of protected areas as cornerstones of biodiversity conservation, but also highlighted that many are "beset with managerial and financial difficulties that impede their effective management". At the European level, there has been an increase in the total area of nationally-designated protected areas over time, indicating a positive commitment by European countries to biodiversity conservation. The total area of nationally designated sites in 39 European countries was around 100 million hectares in 2008. There has also been an increase in the total area of Natura 2000 sites over the past two years with 52 million hectares designated as Special Protected Areas and 65 million as Sites of Community Importance. At least 45 % of SCIs surface is also covered by one national designation. The level of sufficiency in designating Natura 2000 sites for the Habitats Directive is high for most EU-27 countries (21 countries have sufficiency above 80%) and the new Member States are doing well. In addition to quantitative signals it is important to also keep in mind the crucial need to have a qualitative view on the efficiency of the network of designated areas. Marine areas are not yet represented as Natura 2000 sites as the phase of proposals is still going on. There are increasing pressures on biodiversity outside of protected areas, and an assessment of the effectiveness of designated sites in protecting and conserving biodiversity is needed in a broader scale and with the climate change perspective. Assessments of conservation status of species and habitats of Community interest are available and will help to get this qualitative view.
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Designated areas
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