For the transport sector, the ODEX (Energy Efficiency) is calculated out at the level of 8 modes or vehicle types: cars, trucks, light vehicles, motorcycles, buses, total air transport, rail, and water transport. The overall energy efficiency index aggregates the trends for each transport mode in a single indicator for the whole sector.
The figure shows the energy efficiency progress in transport as ODEX index
This tool allows visualising and downloading data submitted by EU Member States under the reporting requirements for monitoring and reporting of average CO2 emissions (443/2009/EC).
The Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 requires Member States to record information for each new passenger car registered in its territory. Every year, each Member State shall submit to the Commission all the information related to their new registration. In particular, the following details are required for each new passenger car registered: manufacturer name, type, variant, version, make and commercial name, specific emissions of CO2, mass in running order, wheel base and track width. Additional information, such as fuel type, fuel mode and engine capacity were also submitted.
The figure shows the share of energy consumption by mode in total transport in EU-27
The two highest NO2 concentration classes (red and orange) correspond to the 2010 annual LV (40 μg/m3) and to the LV plus margin of tolerance (42 μg/m3).
The two highest PM10 concentration classes (red and orange) correspond to the 2005 annual LV (40 μg/m3), and to a statistically derived level (31 μg/m3) corresponding to the 2005 daily LV. The lowest class corresponds to the WHO air
quality guideline for PM10 of 20 μg/m3.
Between
2007 and 2008 passenger transport demand in the EEA-32 declined, for the first
time in the 13 years displayed, most likely due to the impacts of the global
economic recession. However, this does little to change the long-term trend;
overall passenger transport demand has grown by over a fifth since 1995. There
is continued evidence to suggest a decoupling between passenger transport
demand and GDP in the EEA-32. However, latest estimates for air passenger
transport within the EU-27 indicate that demand has been growing at a much
faster rate than any other mode of passenger transport.
Over the past decade freight transport volume has grown
rapidly and has generally been coupled with growth in GDP. This is particularly
striking in recent years when there has been a surge in freight transport
activity. Consequently the objective of decoupling GDP and freight transport
growth has not been achieved. Closer inspection reveals large regional
differences, with the EU-12 Member States showing much faster growth since 2000
in the freight transport sector, compared to the EU-15. This is mainly a result
of these countries starting from a relatively low transport level and then
experiencing a shift towards high value production and service industries,
which has resulted in strong transport growth. For the first time in the 13
years displayed, freight transport demand in the EEA32 experienced a year-on-year
decline in 2008. This is in sharp contrast to the long-term trend; freight
transport demand has grown by over two-fifths since 1995, and by nearly
one-fifth in the period 2003-2008 alone. In 2008, decoupling between freight
transport volume and GDP was observed for the first time in five years.
However, this is likely to be due to the impact of the economic recession, and will
not necessarily continue in the future. Aside from this, the recent trend is
for positive coupling between GDP and freight transport demand. Within the
European Union, the EU-12 has experienced growth in freight demand over three
times that of the EU-15 in the period 1998-2008, and demand within the EU-12
continued to grow in 2008 despite the general downturn.
Spending on transport infrastructure has increased over the decade to 2008 for the 20 Member States included in the EEA-32 analysis, both in absolute terms and as a proportion of GDP. Road infrastructure continues to receive the majority of investment, and although other modes of transport (rail, sea and air) have increased their share of investment overall in the last decade, the most recent five years have seen a return to increasing proportions of investment in road infrastructure. The EU-12 Member States have seen proportionally much greater rises in the level of transport investment than the EU-15 Member States in all modes except sea transport infrastructure. Overall investment in transport infrastructure grew by almost 3% in 2007-2008 for the EEA-32 Member States included in the analysis, despite a general economic recession and reduction in transport activity in that year.
International comparison
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